ConditionsBack & SpineCompression Fractures

Emergency Medical Condition

Spinal compression fractures require immediate medical attention. If you suspect a compression fracture, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.

Emergency Condition

Compression FracturesEmergency Care

Critical information about spinal compression fractures and emergency treatment protocols.

Serious
Severity
Common in Elderly
Prevalence
3-6 months
Recovery
Traumatic
Category
Emergency Guidelines

Call 911 Immediately If:

  • Sudden severe back pain after a fall or injury
  • Inability to stand or walk
  • Numbness or weakness in legs
  • Loss of bladder or bowel control
  • Difficulty breathing or chest pain

Do not move the person unless they are in immediate danger. Keep them still and comfortable until emergency services arrive.

Overview

Spinal compression fractures occur when one or more vertebrae collapse, often due to osteoporosis, trauma, or cancer. These fractures can cause severe pain, height loss, and spinal deformity.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for preventing complications and optimizing recovery. Treatment may range from conservative management to surgical intervention, depending on the severity and underlying cause.

Severity Levels

Mild Compression

Less than 25% height loss

Symptoms:

  • Mild back pain
  • Minimal deformity
  • Good functional capacity

Treatment:

Conservative management, bracing

Prognosis:

Excellent with proper care

Moderate Compression

25-40% height loss

Symptoms:

  • Moderate pain and stiffness
  • Noticeable height loss
  • Some functional limitation

Treatment:

Bracing, physical therapy, pain management

Prognosis:

Good with comprehensive treatment

Severe Compression

Greater than 40% height loss

Symptoms:

  • Severe pain and disability
  • Significant deformity
  • Respiratory compromise possible

Treatment:

Surgical intervention may be required

Prognosis:

Variable, depends on intervention timing

Treatment Phases
1

Emergency Management

0-24 hours

Immediate stabilization and pain control

Emergency medical evaluation and imaging
Pain management with appropriate medications
Immobilization and activity restriction
Assessment for neurological complications
2

Acute Stabilization

1-8 weeks

Fracture healing and symptom management

Spinal bracing for stability
Gradual mobilization as tolerated
Bone health optimization
Fall prevention strategies
3

Rehabilitation

8-16 weeks

Restore function and prevent future fractures

Progressive strengthening exercises
Balance and posture training
Osteoporosis management
Long-term bone health maintenance
Rehabilitation Program

Important: All exercises must be approved and supervised by your healthcare team. Do not attempt any exercises without medical clearance.

Early Mobilization

As tolerated

Gentle Walking

Short walks with assistance as needed

Start with 5-10 minutes, 2-3 times daily

Deep Breathing

Prevent respiratory complications

10 deep breaths every hour while awake

Ankle Pumps

Prevent blood clots during bed rest

10-20 repetitions every hour

Strengthening

After acute phase

Wall Push-ups

Gentle upper body strengthening

2-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions

Seated Row

Strengthen back muscles safely

2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions

Hip Strengthening

Side-lying leg lifts and bridges

2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions

Balance Training

Progressive

Standing Balance

Practice standing with support

Hold for 30-60 seconds, 3-5 times

Heel-to-Toe Walking

Improve dynamic balance

10-20 steps, 2-3 times daily

Tai Chi Movements

Gentle balance and coordination

15-30 minutes, 3-4 times per week
Risk Factors

Medical

Osteoporosis
Advanced age
Female gender
Previous fractures

Lifestyle

Sedentary lifestyle
Poor nutrition
Smoking
Excessive alcohol use

Medications

Long-term steroid use
Certain cancer treatments
Anticonvulsants
Blood thinners

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